#Sims 4 reptile skin skin

#Sims 4 reptile skin skin

X-ray diffraction studies have identified the two types of keratin in snake skin (О±- and ОІ-layers) and have also provided insight into the orientation of protein fibres within these epidermal regions. However, if we ever hope to mimic the optical and mechanical properties that snake scales possess, we must first define the chemical environment of the OberhГ¤utchen.Дetailed studies of the biochemistry and morphology of the snake epidermis have been carried out. Several studies have demonstrated the relevance of these micro- and nanostructures on dorsal and ventral scales for frictional properties, optical appearance, self-cleaning and water-repellency.

In many snake species the OberhГ¤utchen features specific morphologies-the so-called microornamentation of the scale. The epidermis of snakes is a multi-layered system consisting of keratin and associated ОІ-proteins that can be histologically distinguished from top to bottom into the mesos-, the О±-, the lacunar- and the clear layer, covered by an outer shell of two hard layers of ОІ-keratin-the exterior OberhГ¤utchen and the ОІ-layer. Research conducted over the last century reveals functional adaptation of both the inner architecture (micron scale) and surface morphology (nanometre scale) of snake skin. For example, robotics researchers are trying to mimic the snake's capability to negotiate a range of challenging terrain types. The peculiar locomotion of snakes has inspired engineers for years.

The slithering locomotion of snakes requires additional frictional properties and resistance against wear. General epidermal functions include displaying colours, sensory perception, thermoregulation, and barrier against water loss and radiation. Snake skin is a highly functional biological material. Additionally, the molecular structure of this lipid coating closely aligns to the biological function: lipids on ventral scales form a highly ordered layer which provides both lubrication and wear protection at the snake's ventral surface. Our analysis of the data revealed the existence of a previously unknown lipid coating on both the ventral and dorsal scales. SFG's nonlinear optical selection rules provide information about the outermost surface of materials NEXAFS takes advantage of the shallow escape depth of the electrons to probe the molecular structure of surfaces. In this study, we characterize the outermost surface of snake scales using sum frequency generation (SFG) spectra and near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) images collected from recently shed California kingsnake ( Lampropeltis californiae) epidermis. While biomechanic adaption of snake motion is of growing interest in the fields of material science and robotics, the mechanism for how ventral scales influence the friction between the snake and substrate, at the molecular level, is unknown. Recent work has demonstrated that compared to dorsal scales, ventral scales provide improved lubrication and wear protection. During slithering locomotion the ventral scales at a snake's belly are in direct mechanical interaction with the environment, while the dorsal scales provide optical camouflage and thermoregulation.